Performance Appraisal Of HBL Commerce Essay

Performance Appraisal Of HBL Commerce Essay Performance Appraisal means to evaluate employees present performance and according to the standards given.At HBL performance appraisal is formal interaction between supervisor/ Manager and employees in an organized way. At HBL performance Appraisal conducted annually for all the employees. Appraisal is conducted by line manager and directors are appraised by CEO which further appraised by the chairman of the bank. If we look towards the branches of banks located in different areas, each branch manager evaluate the performance of their employees of their particular branch by keep on connecting with line manager which evaluate employees who conducted these performance evaluation. Line manager forward to regional office where he sends to human resource department where all appraisals are finalized and issued. HBL use KPIs or targets which they give annually to employees as a criteria such as business results, customers and employees) to appraise their employees and measure their employee performance by observation the achieved targets out of 100% which is standard or a benchmark that is quality of work, team work, goal fulfillments, performance, customer services, behavior with colleagues and supervisors/managers and growth. HBL process of performance appraisal system is they define their expectations, and then they measure or evaluate and provide feedback and hence their performance recorded. They judge their employee on achieving the annual targets which have provided them to achieve, even managers evaluate the performance of employee by behavior of employees and punctuality and how productive they are, how knowledgeable employees are or are they satisfying their employees by giving time to them and the way they dress up. HBL has assigned different weight ages out of 100, employee doing more than 100 or achieving target more than the benchmark that is an excellent job employee performing but if employee performing average discussion takes place between manager and its subordinate if employee becomes defensive, manager could easily sort out through his managerial skills. HR is responsible for training of supervisors to improve their appraisal skills. HBL use GRAPHICAL RATING SCALE METHOD or RANKING METHOD for appraising performance of an employee. HBLs Graphic Rating Scale method appraisal form contains three sheets; one is FORM B1, FORM B2, and FORM B3. Form B1: contains information about employees or the criteria through which employee should appraise. Form B2: contains two points through which they evaluate performance, i.e., FACTORS through which they determine if employee is productive or how the job is performing or the employee knows how to use technology he is being assessed and to see how responsive is an employee towards customers and motivated or dedicated to work and even employees are appraised through the factor of their own personality, i.e., how punctual employee is, behavior, personal hygiene. Even another criteria is determined on the B2 Form is the level of achievement s points being 4 the highest or 1 the least in form of grading A the highest which is 4 and D the lowest consider 1. FORM B3: This form contains the supervisor comments or evaluate the overall performance by given the grading(A,B,C,D) and appraise the comments in the form of agree/disagree then after evaluation is finalized in form signatures take by supervisor who conducted and send to the Hr department. HBL even use Ranking method to appraise their employees in which ranks employee from best to worst on the characteristics and skills. It is the most popular method, in which firstly, list all subordinates to be rated and in this method those names are not included which are well enough to rank. In ranking form indicates the employee measures on highest and lowest, then, choose the next highest and the next lowest. HBL also use Forced Distribution Method is also call bell curved. In this method you place given percentages of ratees into different performance categories. By forced distribution method as demonstrated by manager for example that manager must rate its employees under him according to following distribution: 10% low, 20% below average, 40%average, 20% above average, 10%high.. It reflects the normal curve, a small percentage of group is to be placed on (best and worst performers) larger percentages of ratees are placed toward the middle of the performance distribution. It is used for high executive level Vice president and above him in HBL.A separate bell curve is developed according to function/branch category/division and group. http://managementpocketbooks.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/image5.png MBO (Management By Objectives) also used by HBL in which objectives are told to the management and employees what targets they have to achieve. This method is easy to evaluate the performance of employees according to the goals and objectives have been told to them and how much they achieved. HBL use MBO to increase performance. MBO includes tracking and feedback  in the process to reach objectives and also for pay for performance. Steps of MBO: STEP1: Review organizational objectives HBLs objective is to make customer satisfy and to create value for them. STEP2: Set Objectives To earn profit for the organization STEP3: Monitor progress †¢Less complaints †¢Timely service is provided †¢Monthly revenue and cost STEP4: Evaluate performance How efficiently or effectively employee achieve his goals and targets Then his/ her appraised with the goals allocated as benchmark to achieve   STEP5: Give rewards †¢Promotion †¢Special salary increase †¢Cash price Problems HBL goes through while making performance appraisal are the employee participation, feedback-seeking and unclear goals and standards, regency effects. Promotable or UN -promotable appraisal interviews both conducted in HBL. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM http://www.da.ks.gov/pmp/images/circle.png Performance management is the process to identify, measure, and develop the performance of the employees in an organization. Basically we are trying to figure out how well employees perform and then to ultimately improve that performance level. When used correctly, performance management is a systematic analysis and measurement of worker performance (including communication of that assessment to the individual) that we use to improve performance over time. Performance management at HBL is a forward looking process for setting goals and regularly checking progress towards achieving those goals. At HBL it is a continual feedback process whereby the observed outputs are measured and compared with the desired goals. Performance management ensures that goals are consistently being met. Performance management at HBL is to evaluate employees to reach their goals and through which company performs better .In HBLs performance management model employees are given opportunities to work on harder projects, paired less-skilled employees with expert employees and employees can direct and make decisions. At HBL growth does not matter but performance does. Tools used by HBL for performance management are: Developmental goal setting Ongoing performance monitoring Ongoing feedback Coaching and support Performance appraisal Rewards, recognition, and compensation At HBL if employee performing good he gets an increment of 10% annually. They monthly evaluate the performance which is effective for the employees to work best. Managers and Supervisors keep on giving their constructive feedback to increase employees performance. HBL performance management system covers all employees under the function sales, operational, finance, Hr, administration. Purpose of Performance Management System To access the performance Basis for reward (Increment Bonus) Basis for promotion Placement Ascertain training and development needs The results of process measured by with the will help in measuring the performance, based on balanced measure approach and to standardize format across the organization, which is the ranking method or graphical rating method, it depends on employee performance on average, below average, low or good. HR performance Management System helps in increasing profit and Reducing Hr turnover.HR measured their satisfaction level through exit interview which can be good, excellent or poor. There is no involvement of stakeholders in ensuring performance management system. PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS There are some flaws in the appraisal system of the bank. In appraisal form of the bank the supervisor enjoy great powers. No body can check his evaluation. The Appraise and appraiser does not sit before each other when supervisor evaluates the performance of the employees. An employee does not have the right to appeal against the supervisor on how he had been marked. . RECOMMENDATION The appraisal form should be based according to the Relevance material, Reliability Acceptability. The employees should have right to appeal against the supervisor if he thinks that he is wrongly evaluated.

Gambling research essay Essay

Gambling refers to the play of any game where there is money, or something of value at stake. There are many different forms of gambling including horse races, lotteries, casinos, scratch cards, stock market betting, and even more recently internet gambling. Although these games are meant for recreational use, the thrill of gambling causes some people to become so involved in it that they become dependent on gambling. The effects of gambling can cause damage psychologically, be very harmful to one’s social life and can also cause many physical damages. Gambling addiction and pathological gambling is not always seen as dangerous as other addictions like substance abuse but it can in fact be a very damaging addiction to many aspects of life and should be considered a major health problem. Not everyone who gambles has a gambling addiction or even has the capability of being addicted to gambling. The majority of people who gamble do not have an addiction and simply do it for recreational purposes. But there is a small percentage of people who gamble who are considered problem gamblers or pathological gamblers. Pathological gamblers is described as, â€Å"Pathological gambling is characterized by chronic and irresistible impulses to gamble, with consequent gambling compromises and disruptions to family, personal and vocational pursuits. † (Coman, Burrows & Evans, 1997) This addiction causes the gambler to gamble very frequently, often times they will begin to make bigger and bigger bets and receiving feelings of anxiety or depression when they are not gambling. Pathological gambling can also include gambling to recover losses from previous gambling episodes, lying to family members to try and hide their habits, committing criminal acts to obtain money for gambling and relying on others to provide money to relieve them from their financial situation. This is a very serious addiction and should be considered a major health problem because it can negatively affect many serious aspects of an individual’s life. There are many different influences and gateways that can lead to gambling and even a gambling addiction. Although things like scratch cards may not seem like much of a threat to becoming an addiction, they can intrigue the thought of winning money purely by chance which is a dangerous mindset to have. Another factor that can lead to a gambling addiction is the link between the proximity from the casino and gambling participation. Living close to a casino causes much more accessibility and can add to the possibility of gaining an addiction, â€Å"additional gambling opportunities due to the presence of a casino increase the prevalence of gambling-related problems for people who live close to a casino, as compared with people who live far from one. †(Sevigny, Ladouceur, Jacques & Cantinotti, 2008)People who live closer to the casino are much more likely to just â€Å"drop by† and play a few hands rather than people who live farther and have to make an evening of it. Accessibility can have a large impact on gaining an addiction to gambling. Also, the recent popularity of poker has a huge impact on the view of gambling for younger people. Poker has become very popular in our society today and is televised quite frequently showing these players not only making a living from this game of chance, but becoming millionaires. Some of these players are seen as celebrities who can cause some younger audiences to look up to them and strive to be like them. These aspects do not directly lead to a gambling problem but they can definitely help lead to one. Technology has become a large contributory factor to problem gambling. As stated earlier, accessibility can have a large impact on gaining an addiction to gambling and the technology of internet has brought accessibility of gambling to a whole new level. Gambling over the internet should be a major concern because the increase in gambling opportunities gives the potential for an increase in problem gamblers. Research evidence in other countries has clearly shown that: â€Å"where accessibility of gambling is increased there is an increase not only in the number of regular gamblers but also an increase in the number of problem gamblers. † (Griffiths, 1999) Internet gambling websites has dramatically increased this accessibility which will in turn increase the number of people gambling. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a problem gambler, but the more people gambling, the more people who have the chance of becoming addicted. The popularity of internet gambling is on the rise with its easy accessibility and quickness. This popularity itself cannot lead to a gambling addiction but a number of the more popular poker players on television often promote different gambling websites where anyone of any age can play poker online. The websites allow someone to play in tournaments, play with friends and play with fake money or even real money. They are very appealing to people of all ages and easily accessible all the time which makes them a threat to contributing to problem gamblers and youth gambling. When someone suffers from problem gambling, it is not only that individual that is affected but their family, friends and community as well. There can be some positive aspects of gambling in terms of the social effects of gambling. Gambling can be seen as a recreation, a break from their problems of everyday life and a nice night out. Yet these positive effects only exist if gambling is done in moderation. Once gambling becomes a habit and a necessity is where the negative impacts arrive. Often, it’s those close to the pathological gambler that suffer the most. Constant gambling takes time away from family, friends and other activities. If gambling becomes a problem, it can cause loss of trust between individuals and family members which can lead to family related problems and even divorce. Generally, the social problems begin with borrowing of money to support their addiction. At this point, many friends and family may lose touch with the gambler. Being distanced from those who are closest can cause desperation which may lead to criminal activity. Pathological gambling can become so severe that they can resort to criminal activity in a last effort to support their financial needs. People are more likely to commit crime without thinking of the consequences when they are in a desperation mindset which is what can happen after a big loss due to gambling. Supporters for the spread of legalized gambling make claims about economic growth and more jobs but opponents have a strong case saying, â€Å"†¦ various forms of street crimes, such as robberies and automobile thefts, come with gambling, as well as problems with connections to organized crime†¦ The majority of Wisconsin problem gamblers in treatment that were interviewed in Thompson et al. (1999) admitted to crimes as a result of their gambling activity, primarily property crimes. † (Gazel, Rickman & Thompson, 2001) Pathological gamblers reach a point where there are no options left so they have to resort to illegal means to support themselves displaying the severity and control that a gambling addiction can have. Having a gambling addiction does not just affect someone economically or socially but it can deeply affect them psychologically. Once a pathological gambler is down money, they will make bets to try and regain that money that they have lost. Instead of cutting their losses, they get deeper into debt, preoccupying themselves with gambling, determined to win big to repay their loans and solve all their problems (Griffiths, 2001). A very dangerous way of thinking is the â€Å"what if I win† mentality. This way of thinking is especially dangerous because then they are more prone to make bigger bets with money they may not have to lose so they can receive bigger rewards. A large factor for whether someone develops this addiction has a lot to do with their personality. The type of personality someone has can have on whether or not someone develops a gambling addiction or not. Gambling is characterized by an â€Å"unrealistic optimism by the gambler† (Griffiths, 2001). For the most part people believe that optimism is a good way to live life by always seeing the positive things instead of dwelling on the negatives. Optimists are known to be less likely to suffer from depression symptoms following a stressful event and seem to have more psychological benefits when compared to pessimists. Although in terms of gambling, optimism can be counterproductive, â€Å"Optimists may be especially susceptible to maintaining illusory gambling expectations. Because of their generalized expectations for success, optimists may approach gambling with the belief that they can win. † (Gibson & Sanbonmatsu, 2004) Optimists may also have a tendency to look at the positive aspects in a situation which may prolong their gambling thinking that they will win it all back. Also, people who are risk takers are more prone to gambling addiction than someone who is more conservative. Not everyone is susceptible to becoming a pathological gambler and a great deal of the matter has to do with their personality type and how they look at different negative situations. Having a gambling addiction not only affects one’s social life but it can have a great impact on your mind and even cause physical difficulties. Pathological gamblers often suffer from stress-related disorders such as depression, insomnia, intestinal disorders and migraines. Health problems do not only occur from the gambling itself but a significant amount of people suffer problems from the withdrawal, â€Å"Rosenthal and Lesieur (1992) found that at least 65 percent of pathological gamblers reported at least one physical side-effect during withdrawal including insomnia, headaches, upset stomach, loss of appetite, physical weakness, heart racing, muscle aches, breathing difficulty and/or chills. † (Griffiths, 2001) It was also found that pathological gamblers experienced more physical withdrawal effects when attempting to stop than substance abusers who are attempting to quit. This is quite astonishing and again proves why gambling addiction is a very serious matter and should be considered just as much of a health problem as addiction to alcohol or other substances. Pathological gambling can cause great psychological damage and can cause people to do irrational things after a big loss which can sometimes even lead to suicide. Pathological gambling and suicide have been known to have a link to each other. Suicidal attempts among pathological gamblers are much more frequent than among the general public. The American Psychiatric Association did a study that with these results, â€Å"Of individuals in treatment for Pathological Gambling, 20% are reported to have attempted suicide, (American Psychiatric Association (APA))† (Penfold, Hatcher, Sullivan & Collins, 2006) For many gamblers, coping with the negative emotions relating to their issues in their life can be overwhelming. Feelings of shame, hopelessness and failure may be hard to bear which sometimes makes suicide seem like the best solution for their problems. The damage to the mental aspects is one of the reasons that make pathological gambling so dangerous. The act of gambling and casinos is a very controversial topic. There are some positive aspects to the casino and gambling that include a source of jobs and economic development. Gambling is meant to be for recreational use on occasion but it can also be very dangerous. Certain people with certain personality types and lifestyles may be prone to becoming a pathological gambler. The effects of pathological gambling can cause a lot of harm psychologically, destroy someone’s social and family life, cause physical damage to themselves which can even lead to their death. Gambling addiction may not be seen as dangerous or likely to happen as other addictions but the results from being a pathological gambler can be just as harmful as other addictions and should be considered just as much as a serious health issue as everything else. References: Griffiths, M. (1999). Gambling Technologies: Prospects for Problem Gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, vol.15, no. 3, p. 265-283. Griffiths, M. (2001). Gambling: An Emerging Area of Concern for Health Psychologists. Journal of Psychology, vol. 6, no. 5, p. 477-479. Gibson, B. , & Sanbonmatsu, D. (2004). Optimism, Pessimism, and Gambling: The Downside of Optimism. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 149-160. Coman, J. , Burrows, G. , & Evans, B. (1997). Stress and Anxiety as Factors in the Onset of Problem Gambling: Implications for Treatment. Stress Medicine, Vol. 13, no. 4, p. 235-244. Sevigny, S. , Ladouceur, R. , Jacques, C. , & Cantinotti, M. (2008). Links between Casino Proximity and Gambling Participation, Expenditure, and Pathology. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, vol. 22, no. 2, p. 295-301. Penfold, A. , Hatcher, S. , Sullivan, S. , & Collins, N. (2006) Gambling Problems and Attempted Suicide. Part 1. High Prevalence amongst Hospital Admissions. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 265-272. Gazel, R. , Rickman, D. , & Thompson, W. (2001) Casino Gambling and Crime: a Panel Study of Wisconsin Counties. Managerial and Decision Economics, vol. 22, no. 1-3, p. 65-75.

The Minor Catch Here By Charles Darwin - 1848 Words

Simret Simeon HUM 3306 Dr. Rowan â€Å"I see no good reasons why the views given in this volume should shock the religious views of anyone.† Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. pp 520 The above quote seems a joke but spoken by a man that arose and escalated war of words and theories on the origin of life. Considering that his view directly rejected the religious views of countless people. Darwin claims leans on scientific explanation that can provide proves, hence claims that the idea that God Created species could not be proved. The minor catch here is that the Christian faith explanation of the birth of species is clearly written but requires faith which is defined as believing without seeing. It makes me question if Darwin once held a religious view, because one must have attempted to get understand a concept before one can claim that the concept has truth nor simply a lie. I am sure Darwin has attempted to study it before he decided to reject it and studied creation. One way or another Darwin presented an idea that totally offended some prominent men of his time. It was an absolute dare for the origin of species of origin to be published at that time, no t because it was the first book or first idea of such, but it was publication that shook the widely believed and accepted foundation of the creation of the world and the things in it. Darwin received less audience in the population that felt that their beliefs were challenged. Although Darwin was not theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Cold Mountain 1296 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Frazier’s first novel, Cold Mountain, has earned him a great amount of notoriety. From having a film adaptation of his novel in 2003, to receiving a National Book Award in fiction in 1997. 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Building A Facie Case For Retaliation - 1239 Words

Dean Washington stated her desire to withdraw her recommendation for Mr. Richardson’s promotion and her desire fire him is for what she describes as â€Å"unprofessionalism† of his involving the police in an office matter causing unnecessary disruptiveness to the work place. The Dean taking such an action could open the university up to an additional retaliation claim. In Litigating employment discrimination cases, Andrew Friedman explains that anti-discrimination laws also contain provisions prohibiting retaliation against engaging in a constitutionally protected activity, such as filing a sexually harassment claim. He further explains that â€Å"to establish a prima facie case for retaliation, an employee must show 1) that she engaged in a protected activity; 2) that an adverse employment action occurred; and 3) that a causal link existed between that protected activity and the adverse action† (Friedman, 2012). 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Intensive Glucose Control Of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes...

Topic Intensive glucose control of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus to maintain blood glucose levels (BGLs) near normal range Introduction Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder which can occur from insufficient insulin secretion. Insulin is a hormone which is secreted by the pancreas and regulates BGLs (Loghmani, 2005; Nussey Whitehead, 2001). Type 1 diabetes is also known as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). In this, the body produces no, or very little, insulin which can lead to chronic hyperglycaemia. Thus the chances of microvascular, metabolic and infectious complications increase, which can result in increased incidence of retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular mortality (Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 [DM Type 1], 2014). It usually appears during childhood and adolescence but may occur at any age. The chances of IDDM are equal among males and females and are more common in European people (Type 1 Diabetes Trial Net, n.d.). Mayo Clinic (2014) reports, that the people of Finland and Sardinia have 400 times higher chances of having IDDM than people of Venezuela. World Health Organization [WHO] (2014) reports that nearly 347 million of the worldwide population have diabetes mellitus and it is reported this may be the 7th main cause of death by 2030. IDDM accounts for approximately 10% of all the diabetic population (WHO, 2014). Family history, exposure to some viral infections such as mumps and coxsackie, asShow MoreRelatedSelf Monitoring Of Blood Glucose786 Words   |  4 Pages4. 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In 2011, millions of cases of diabetes had been reported across the world by the World Health Organization. Many complications in the body can come as a result ofRead MoreInformative Essay on Diabetes1506 Words   |  7 PagesAn Informative Essay On Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths(Lewis 1367). Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin productionRead MoreEssay on Diabetes Mellitus1447 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death listed in the United States. Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness. â€Å"In 1996 diabetes contributed to more than 162,000 deaths†(Lewis 1367).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease but a group of disorders with glucose intolerance in common† (McCance 674). Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) and results from defective insulin production, secretion, andRead MoreCoping With Diabetes Mellitus Type II1711 Words   |  7 PagesCoping With Diabetes As a patient, coping with being newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, can be very stressful for the patient and family members involved in the patient plan of care. The patient will have to make drastic lifestyle changes in order to be in compliance with the recommended treatment by the members of the health care team. Being a patient, making the necessary lifestyle adjustment will assist with management of the newly diagnosed illness. 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(WHO) Insulin is responsible for maintaining an idealRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus, Burden And Trends1250 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus, burden and trends in diabetes-related Complications Diabetes is a serious chronic disease, which occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn t make enough insulin (T2DM, usually in adults) or the body can’t effectively use the insulin (T1DM) (WHO definition: http://www.who.int/diabetes/en/). WHO diagnostic criteria for DM is the FPG 7.0mmol/l. This diagnostic point affect the risk of micro-vascular complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, renal failure andRead MoreThe Use of GLP 1 Analogues1608 Words   |  6 Pagessupporting use of GLP 1 analogues Patients with type 2 diabetes are at risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Evidence has shown that an improvement in blood glucose control, as shown by a reduction in HbA1c levels, is associated with a reduction in microvascular complications (2,3,4). Evidence from ACCORD (2), UKPDS(3) and ADVANCE(4) suggests that intensive blood glucose control reduced composite endpoints for microvascular outcomes, but the impact on patient oriented outcomes such

The Secret Circle The Divide Chapter 12 Free Essays

Cassie slept late into the afternoon the next day, which was unlike her. Normally she was an early riser, whether she wanted to be or not. But she must have needed the rest, because she woke up feeling refreshed and with a clearer head than she had the night before. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 12 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cassie’s argument with Adam had left her feeling confused and upset last night, but today was a new day. And it was beautiful and sunny, not a cloud in the sky. After getting dressed in her most comfortable jeans and favorite blue sweater, Cassie decided to head out for a walk. She wasn’t quite ready yet to talk to Adam, or anyone really, but hopefully while she walked, the words would start coming to her, and she’d return home knowing just what to say to make everything right again. What Cassie needed was to better understand her own feelings. She wasn’t a jealous person, and she didn’t want to be. But she also couldn’t ignore what was bothering her about Adam and Diana. She owed it to both of them, and to herself, to be honest. She knew they had a history together that she couldn’t compete with. Cassie tied her sneakers tightly and went out the back door. She trudged through the maze of her grandmother’s herb garden and across the surrounding acre of swaying green grass. She stepped over a few soggy piles of stray leaves and along the path of sand and dirt that led to the leaves and along the path of sand and dirt that led to the bluff. There she found Nick out by the water’s edge. He’d taken his leather jacket off and tossed it on the ground beside him. The wind off the water was blowing through his white T-shirt as if he were flying. It fanned his dark brown hair up from his sober face. Watching Nick when he didn’t have his defenses up was like overhearing a secret. It made Cassie feel special to witness it but also a little bit guilty. Cassie had wanted to be alone, but now she wanted nothing more than to be with Nick. Not in a romantic sense, of course. She loved Adam, but that didn’t mean she and Nick couldn’t be friends. So she went to him, preparing herself the whole way for his rejection of her company. But she felt she had to try at least. Nick may have been dark and brooding, he may have been unpredictable, and most days he could even be called rude – but there was a solid center beneath all that, and it was pure, like the crystal ine core to a rough rock. Cassie had seen it, and she was determined to break through his tough exterior to reach it again. She missed his friendship – even though she knew she was pushing him to be friends when their breakup was still so fresh. â€Å"Hi,† she called out to him from a few steps back, not wanting to startle him. He turned slowly, unsurprised to see her, almost like he was expecting her. â€Å"Hi,† he said, which was invitation enough for Cassie to join him. â€Å"How are you?† Cassie asked. â€Å"Okay. How are you?† â€Å"Good.† It was awkward, definitely, but as they persevered through it, they began to slowly settle into their old habits. Nick teased her, pretending to be cruel, and Cassie rolled with his punches, laughing too loud. She’d wanted this for so long, she didn’t want to mess it up, but there was one thing she couldn’t let go. â€Å"Can I ask you something?† she said, when there was a lull in their conversation. Nick nodded, his jaw strong. â€Å"You can ask me anything, but it doesn’t mean I’ll answer you.† Cassie grinned. â€Å"Did you come out here hoping to see me?† â€Å"Wow, you’re conceited.† Nick cracked up laughing. â€Å"Is that a yes?† Nick stopped laughing then and just smiled. He was so stingy with his full-toothed smile, Cassie had forgotten how beautiful and bright it was when it happened. Its scarcity only made it that much more valuable. â€Å"Maybe the thought of you coming out here vaguely crossed my mind,† Nick said. â€Å"I have missed this between us.† At last. This was the Nick she knew. â€Å"Me too,† Cassie said. â€Å"Now I get to ask you something.† Nick flashed his bad-boy grin. â€Å"Is Adam driving you crazy yet?† â€Å"Nick!† â€Å"Nick!† â€Å"He is. I know he is. Don’t even try to deny it.† â€Å"No comment,† Cassie said, laughing. But then she added, â€Å"I guess I’m still getting used to his – â€Å" â€Å"Smothering?† â€Å"His goodness,† Cassie scolded. â€Å"Now be nice.† Nick suddenly appeared lighter, happier. Maybe all he needed to feel better was to take a good shot at Adam. Cassie let her eyes go soft on the ocean. â€Å"I promise things will go back to normal,† she said. â€Å"For you and me. For all of us.† But the moment those words left her lips, dark clouds formed overhead, too fast to be natural. They were ominous clouds of the sort you’d see in movies about the apocalypse. Nick grabbed Cassie’s hand, and they took a few cautious steps back, away from the ocean. â€Å"What’s happening?† Cassie asked. â€Å"Is it a tornado? Do you even get those around here?† â€Å"I don’t know what this is.† Nick scanned the surrounding area for a safe shelter. â€Å"We have to get out of here. All these trees. We have to try to run to your house.† They started running, but they only made it a few steps when streaks of furious lightning began flashing all around them, seemingly right at them. â€Å"Keep running,† Nick screamed. â€Å"And cover your head.† Ice-cold rain poured down, pelting them like needle-pointed arrows. The sky was completely black except for the lightning, which, when it flashed, ill uminated the angry wind in the trees. The blustering sand and litter stirred up from the ground. Cassie strived to keep her eyes closed to the debris but also open enough to follow Nick’s course of escape. â€Å"We’ll never make it,† Cassie screamed breathlessly. â€Å"We should try a spell, to stop it.† â€Å"No!† Nick yelled. â€Å"No magic. Keep running.† One flash after the next, the lightning and thunder reminded Cassie of fireworks. â€Å"It’s them, isn’t it?† Cassie cried out. â€Å"The hunters.† Nick stopped running for a second, and Cassie also stopped, breathing heavily. Nick’s thick neck was pulsing; his chest was heaving. â€Å"I think so,† he said. â€Å"It could be a trick to get us to use our magic.† Then a lightning bolt struck a willing target – one of the many elm trees nearby. It cracked and sparked from the blow. Cassie shielded her eyes with her hand like a visor, watching the elm shiver and smoke. â€Å"Seems like they might already know we’re witches, don’t you think?† Then another tree right beside that one was hit, and then another, each one closer to Cassie and Nick than the one before. Finally, a fiery bolt crashed at the ground right next to Cassie’s feet. She screamed, and Nick pushed her out of the way, shielding her body with his own. Cassie and Nick were both on the ground now, she beneath him. His broad muscular body was heavy on hers. â€Å"Are you okay?† he asked. Rainwater dripped from his face onto hers. â€Å"Yes,† Cassie said. From beneath him she watched the trees that had been hit succumb to wild orange flames. It was the most furious fire Cassie had ever seen, with Bill owing black smoke rising up from it like a ghost. That could have been me, Cassie thought to herself. If Nick hadn’t thrown her out of the way, she would have been dead. It was a sight to see, those once great elms darken and wither to ash so fluidly. Their rugged brown bark melted at the will of the heat, like a chocolate bar left out in the sun. Whatever the hunters were trying to prove, they’d proven it. Clearly they were powerful, and they were willing to kill. They weren’t witches, but this kind of control over the elements looked like black magic to Cassie. What kind of witch hunters used the same tactics of evil witches? â€Å"They’re so close,† Cassie said. Nick let some of his weight off Cassie’s quivering body beneath him. â€Å"And they’re getting closer every minute.† It seemed to Cassie like there was no escape. She and Nick could get up and keep running, but the lightning and thunder would follow their every step until it finally hit its bull ‘s-eye, striking them down with a ball of fire that would burn and bend their bones like the brittle branches of an old elm tree. Or they could lie right there on the ground, unmoving, clutching each other and closing their eyes to it all. They could go with it easily, rather than try to fight it. Dying side by side with Nick was better than being shot down from the sky. And then as if it had all been a dream, the rain suddenly came to a halt, the lightning stopped, and the sky cleared the way for the sun. The day returned, eerily and beautifully, the way for the sun. The day returned, eerily and beautifully, to the perfect color photograph it had been before. If the trees at their side hadn’t still been steadily burning, clouding the air around them with bleak black smoke, Cassie would have believed she’d imagined the whole nightmarish scene. â€Å"I guess we passed the test,† Nick said, standing up and brushing off his jeans. He ran his fingers through his soaking-wet hair and then offered Cassie his broad hand to help her to her feet. â€Å"How is that?† Cassie asked, taking Nick’s hand. â€Å"By not dying?† â€Å"It’s a pretty good start.† Nick put his sturdy arm around Cassie’s drenched sweater. â€Å"Let’s get you home.† Cassie looked up into his mahogany eyes gratefully. She’d never forget the way he’d protected her. Without a moment’s hesitation, he was willing to die for her. â€Å"I’m only going home if you’re coming with me,† she said. â€Å"Well, I’m sure as heck not staying out here,† Nick said playfully, trying to make light of the situation. â€Å"Nick.† Cassie refused to take another step until he looked her in the eyes and acknowledged what had just passed between them. â€Å"What?† â€Å"Thank you,† she said. He shook his head and looked away again. â€Å"You don’t have to thank me.† â€Å"Yes, I do.† Nick started to laugh awkwardly, nervously. The kind of laugh that comes out when you’re trying not to cry. Then he laugh that comes out when you’re trying not to cry. Then he pulled Cassie in toward him and kissed her affectionately on the forehead, like a big brother might do. â€Å"No problem,† he said. How to cite The Secret Circle: The Divide Chapter 12, Essay examples

Oil and Gas Vital Role in Todays Society

Question: Discuss about the term for Oil and Gas of Vital Role in Todays Society. Answer: Introduction Oil and gas play a very vital role in todays society. Oil and gas are most used sources of energy by human beings. Besides being an energy source, they also serve as the raw material for many consumer goods, thus playing a relevant in peoples life. With its positive side, the oil and gas industry has a negative side that it holds a major potential of affecting the environment hazardously. It may impact harmfully at various levels on air, water, soil and the whole clan of living beings. The most dangerous impact of oil and gas industry is pollution which is associated with basically all the stages of oil and gas production. It starts from exploration then it goes to production and in the end distribution. Gas emissions, solid waste, wastewaters, and aerosols generated during drilling, production, and distribution of all types of chemicals and other refined products of oil and gas industry. Other impacts include increase of green house effect, poorer water quality, groundwater contamination, acid rain, and much more. Strong measures need to be taken to control the pollution created by the oil and gas industry. As the most affected by this environmental pollution will be human beings and their coming generation. Issues related with the impacts of oil and gas exploration, production, and distribution Impacts There many impacts of the oil and gas industry on the environment, its impacts on the soil will be discussed here. The first step of oil and gas industry is to search the oil, and that process is known as an exploration of oil and gas. This step includes drilling, exploration of land, and seismic surveys. In short it is the small scale extraction process. In search of oil number of surveys is done on the land and that leave a negative impact on it. Exploration of land create soil pollution; it harms the surface of the earth with the movement of traffic, ground clearing and other crew activities that not only disturbs the earths surface but also the subsurface of the earth. In search of oil, they drill the earth surface hence harming ecological resources also like vegetation, wildlife, biota, and special status species which affect the fertility of soil therefore it leads to soil pollution. During the process of exploration continues, the crew appointed for working on various activities may generate waste like plastic, paper, containers, leaks/spills, paper, and human waste. Also, waste produced by exploratory drilling like mud, drilling fluid, used oil and filters, drill cuttings, scrap metal and garbage causes soil pollution (Fellet, Marder and Patzek, 2014). Once the step of exploration is completed and the company put up the plant to extract the oil and gas from the earths surface, and they are processed in a refinery or at the field plant itself to produce the final product for the consumer. The production of oil and gas leave the maximum negative effects on the environment and creates a lot of soil pollution. Wastes produced by the oil and gas industries, containing petroleum hydrocarbons, naturally occurring radioactive materials, metals, toxic chemicals, and salts, give hazardous effect as they can prevent the growth of vegetation and cause soil pollution. Water released from such industries contains contaminants and concentrated salts which are often disposed of in the ponds, rivers or stored in pits. This contaminated water can stop the growth of vegetation and sterilize the soil. Contaminants entering in soil may not only remain on the surface but seep into the ground water, which may, later on, pollute the other environmental sources too. (Fellet, Marder and Patzek, 2014). After production, oil and gas have to reach to its ultimate consumer. A distribution system is formed to transport the natural oil and gas from one place to another. Tankers and pipelines are generally used to carry oil and gas from one place to another. In the process of transferring oil and gas from one place to another leakage or, in other words, oil spill is the main issue that a distribution system faces which harm the environment. Any kind of leakage affects the vegetation if happened in an agricultural land and also waste the scares natural product which affect the fertility of soil causing soil pollution. If the oil spill or leakage is not cleaned properly, then its layer remains on the surface of the earth, which restricts any kind of growth of vegetation on the land. Even water also not able to seep in properly through the earths surface, which later affects the underground water level (Sykes, 2008). Issues This whole process of exploration, production, and distribution has lot of negative impacts on environment which give birth to many issues related to it. The main issue is the harmful effect of all these processes and due to them the amount of pollution is caused which affect the health of all living species. A number of chemicals are used and released in the process of refining which is later released from these industries either in the nearby water resources, or they are dumped in the pits. These chemicals later on get mixed with the natural resources and reach in the body of living beings. For example contaminated water used for irrigating fields which will not only harm the fertility of the soil creating soil pollution but also the vegetation will have effects of these chemicals which later on will be consumed by the human beings ultimately causing many health issues. These chemicals are making our soil toxic and harmful. It also sterilizes it making it worthless. Measures Measures that can be taken to reduce the impacts of the process o exploration, production, and distribution of oil and gas industry are like the recycling of waste and contaminate water can be done before releasing it as this can harm the environmental sources. Oil from wastewaters and sludge should be recovered to the maximum and clean water should only be released. Phenols, caustics, and solvent should be recovered and reused as they cause a lot of harm to the environmental sources specially soil and water. In a case of emergency, refinery should be prepared to reduce the hazardous effect to the minimum. Corrosion monitoring, control, and prevention of underground pipelines and tank bottoms should be practiced. Leak detention and repair programs should be established. Adopting environment-friendly technology will help in minimizing impacts of petroleum development on the environment. Steps to be taken by the government and oil companies towards environmental restoration. Environmen tal research and management institutions should be developed. Awareness programs to educate public about the environmental restoration should be run. If all these measures are taken into consideration, then not only soil pollution but other pollution level will also decrease. New technology Research and development department of government and oil and gas industries are working hard to come up with some new technologies that may help in reducing the impacts of oil and gas industry. Availability of energy sources to the ultimate consumer globally at nominal prices would be the next step for oil and gas industry. Development and promotion of renewable energy should be the priority to decrease pressure on oil and gas industry and to the scarce natural resources. Renewable energy will help in reducing the impact of oil and gas industry on the environmental sources. The efficiency of the existing fuels available for the consumption should be improved up to twice what at present. Alternative fuels like bioalcohols, biodiesel, green diesel, and biogas should be promoted and used. Developing biofuel to reduce the usage of the scare natural sources and using a waste material for developing such biofuels will definitely help oil and gas industry to remain the leader in the global energy market and also help in reducing its impact on the environment (Longlong and Yifei, 2012). There are many laws stated by the Government to regulate oil and gas industry. Environmental impact assessment is a law that assesses the environmental consequences of the proposed project. Air quality law handles the assessment of polluted released by the industry. Water quality law regulates the release of contaminated water into the water resources. The waste management law keeps a control on the waste storage, transportation, and disposal of all kinds of waste like municipal waste, or hazardous waste. The environmental cleanup law regulates the removal of contaminants and polluted waste into the environmental media. Forestry law controls the land under the forestry regulation. It regulates the burn practices and land acquisition by the industry. Wildlife law regulates the impact of industrial activity on the wildlife (Schmitt, 2007). Sustainability To minimize the harmful effects of the various process of exploration, production and distribution of oil and gas companies and government need to invest in better technology and talent as it will help the oil and gas industry to meet the challenge of sustainability socially, economically and environmentally. Heavy investment in research and development department for new technologies and alternative fuel type is also required. Other actions that the oil and gas industry can take include the implementation of energy-efficient processes and usage of renewable sources of energy will help in attaining sustainability. Introducing and promoting sustainable energy products in the new market. Flaring of gasses should be reduced during production of oil, and the captured gas should be used in other energy initiatives. Development of core competencies and investing in research and development. Public awareness about the availability of sustainable energy product should be an objective of the oil companies. To have a sustained development, it is necessary for oil and gas industry to find fuels that are responsible socially and environmentally. Oil and gas industry produce the maximum share of energy in the global energy market around the world. With the increasing population the standard of living also improve, it demands for more energy. The demand for an alternate energy source will also become bold in the coming future that too at a reasonable cost, thus it is necessary for the industry to be sustainable (Longlong and Yifei, 2012). Issues realated to the economic, social and environmental sustainability All the activities of an oil and gas industries engender high risks, they are working continuously to reduce their adverse impacts on the environment and people (Schneider, Vargo, Campbell 2011). Compensation has to be given to a land for using his land for exploration but many time if a company doesnt found a natural resource they pack their things and move without paying for using the land. This harm the social image of the company. Same way, the waste created by the crew members and the processes is not cleaned and recycled will harm the environment. The greenhouse gas emission and habitat destruction affect the environment badly. Oil spill is the major issue of oil and gas industry, if there is any kind of wastage of precious oil because of leakage then it effect the economy as that much barrels of oil has to be imported for the country. Recommendations To minimize the harmful effects of the various process of exploration, production and distribution of oil and gas companies and government need to invest in better technology and talent as it will help the oil and gas industry to meet the challenge of sustainability socially, economically and environmentally. Heavy investment in research and development department for new technologies and alternative fuel type is also required. Other actions that the oil and gas industry can take includes the implementation of energy efficient processes and usage of renewable sources of energy will help in attaining sustainability. Introducing and promoting sustainable energy products in the new market. Flaring of gasses should be reduced during production of oil, and the captured gas should be used in other energy initiatives. Development of core competencies and investing in research and development. Public awareness about the availability of sustainable energy product should be an objective of the oil companies (Schmitt, 2007). Conclusion Although, the activities of exploration, production and distribution of oil and gas cause alteration to the environment. Means they have significant negative effects on the environment, but some of the effects can be reduced or prevented by taking important steps. New technologies are being invented to reduce the dependence on petroleum products. Petroleum products are an integral part of the modern life because not only for transportation, petroleum products act as a raw material for many other things that are useful in our day to day life like pharmaceuticals, plastics, paints, pesticides, solvents, and cosmetics. With the increased population and advancing technology, the demand for all the products is also increasing many of which include petroleum products. With the increased usage of the petroleum products, the negative impacts will also increase with it. That means, not only all the attention should be paid to increase its efficiency but also how to reduce its hazardous effects. Oil companies should be monitored, for following the rules and regulations set up by the government and it can be done by establishing a monitoring agency for this purpose will help to restrict these oil companies (Sykes, 2008). References Fellet, M., Marder, M. and Patzek, T. (2014). Cement performance impacts integrity of oil and gas wells. MRS Bull., 39(12), pp.1048-1050. Longlong, C. and Yifei, L. (2012). Research on Main Constraints in Sustainable Development of China Oil-Gas Upstream Industry. Energy Procedia, 14, pp.325-330. Schmitt, H. (2007). Environmental politics and the oil and gas industry. Natural Gas, 13(1), pp.13-16. Sykes, R. (2008). Oil and Gas Industry Efforts on Behalf of Human Rights and Sustainable Development. The Way Ahead, 04(02), pp.12-13.a